Zweden: Relatie tussen hersen tumoren en mobiele telefonie

Bron: www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijo.2013.2111 .
24 sept. 2013

met nieuwe tekst d.d. 1 dec. 2013 onderaan

Case-control study of the association between malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 2007 and 2009 and mobile and cordless phone use

Authors: Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Fredrik Söderqvist, Kjell Hansson Mild
Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden, Department of Radiation Physics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
Published online on: Tuesday, September 24, 2013

Abstract
Previous studies have shown a consistent association between long-term use of mobile and cordless phones and glioma and acoustic neuroma, but not for meningioma. When used these phones emit radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and the brain is the main target organ for the handheld phone. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified in May, 2011 RF-EMF as a group 2B, i.e. a ‘possible’ human carcinogen. The aim of this study was to further explore the relationship between especially long-term (>10 years) use of wireless phones and the development of malignant brain tumours. We conducted a new case-control study of brain tumour cases of both genders aged 18-75 years and diagnosed during 2007-2009. One population-based control matched on gender and age (within 5 years) was used to each case. Here, we report on malignant cases including all available controls. Exposures on e.g. use of mobile phones and cordless phones were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, gender, year of diagnosis and socio-economic index using the whole control sample. Of the cases with a malignant brain tumour, 87% (n=593) participated, and 85% (n=1,368) of controls in the whole study answered the questionnaire. The odds ratio (OR) for mobile phone use of the analogue type was 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04‑3.3, increasing with >25 years of latency (time since first exposure) to an OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.6-6.9. Digital 2G mobile phone use rendered an OR=1.6, 95% CI=0.996-2.7, increasing with latency >15-20 years to an OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.6. The results for cordless phone use were OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.9, and, for latency of 15-20 years, the OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.8. Few participants had used a cordless phone for >20-25 years. Digital type of wireless phones (2G and 3G mobile phones, cordless phones) gave increased risk with latency >1-5 years, then a lower risk in the following latency groups, but again increasing risk with latency >15-20 years. Ipsilateral use resulted in a higher risk than contralateral mobile and cordless phone use. Higher ORs were calculated for tumours in the temporal and overlapping lobes. Using the meningioma cases in the same study as reference entity gave somewhat higher ORs indicating that the results were unlikely to be explained by recall or observational bias. This study confirmed previous results of an association between mobile and cordless phone use and malignant brain tumours. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that RF-EMFs play a role both in the initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis.

2-de artikel
Bron: www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo/43/4/1036 .
22 juli 2013

Pooled analysis of case-control studies on acoustic neuroma diagnosed 1997-2003 and 2007-2009 and use of mobile and cordless phones

Authors: Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Fredrik Söderqvist, Kjell Hansson Mild
Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden, Department of Radiation Physics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
Published online on: Monday, July 22, 2013

Abstract
We previously conducted a case-control study of acoustic neuroma. Subjects of both genders aged 20-80 years, diagnosed during 1997-2003 in parts of Sweden, were included, and the results were published. We have since made a further study for the time period 2007-2009 including both men and women aged 18-75 years selected from throughout the country. These new results for acoustic neuroma have not been published to date. Similar methods were used for both study periods. In each, one population-based control, matched on gender and age (within five years), was identified from the Swedish Population Registry. Exposures were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire supplemented by a phone interview. Since the number of acoustic neuroma cases in the new study was low we now present pooled results from both study periods based on 316 participating cases and 3,530 controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, gender, year of diagnosis and socio-economic index (SEI). Use of mobile phones of the analogue type gave odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0-4.3, increasing with >20 years latency (time since first exposure) to OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8-21. Digital 2G mobile phone use gave OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1, increasing with latency >15 years to an OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.8-4.2. The results for cordless phone use were OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1, and, for latency of >20 years, OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.7-26. Digital type wireless phones (2G and 3G mobile phones and cordless phones) gave OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.0 increasing to OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.0-32 with latency >20 years. For total wireless phone use, the highest risk was calculated for the longest latency time >20 years: OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 2.2-9.0. Several of the calculations in the long latency category were based on low numbers of exposed cases. Ipsilateral use resulted in a higher risk than contralateral for both mobile and cordless phones. OR increased per 100 h cumulative use and per year of latency for mobile phones and cordless phones, though the increase was not statistically significant for cordless phones. The percentage tumour volume increased per year of latency and per 100 h of cumulative use, statistically significant for analogue phones. This study confirmed previous results demonstrating an association between mobile and cordless phone use and acoustic neuroma.

zie ook:
microwavenews.com/short-takes-archive/hardell-reaffirms-phone-tumor-risks .
en
www.prlog.org/12216483-brain-cancer-risk-increases-with-the-amount-of-wireless-phone-use-study.html .
en
www.diagnose-funk.org/themen/forschung/warnung-vor-7-fach-erhoehtem-tumorrisiko.php .
01 dec 2013
Warnung vor 7-fach erhöhtem Tumorrisiko

Warnung vor 7-fach erhöhtem Tumorrisiko bei Handynutzung
Neue Schwedische Studie: Mikrowellen als „möglicherweise Krebs erregend“ bestätigt - Forderung nach WHO-Eingruppierung in ''Krebs erregend''


Die schwedische Gruppe um Professor Hardell wertete neueste Daten zur Wirkung von Handystrahlung auf das Gehirn aus. Sie ergaben ein bis zu 7,7 fach erhöhtes Gehirntumorrisiko bei einer Langzeitnutzung von Handys und DECT-Telefonen von mehr als 20 Jahren. Dieses Ergebnis bestätigt nicht nur die WHO - Einstufung der nichtionisierenden Strahlung als ''möglicherweise Krebs erregend'' (Stufe 2B) vom Mai 2011. Professor Hardell fordert, die Mobilfunkstrahlung müsse jetzt von Stufe 2B auf ''krebserregend'' (Stufe 1) höhergestuft werden.
Prof. Franz Adlkofer, der die REFLEX-Studie der EU leitete, die erstmals im Labor das Krebspotential von GSM und UMTS nachwies, sieht sich durch Hardell bestätigt: '' Die Latenzzeit von Beginn bis Ausbruch eines Tumors beträgt bei Erwachsenen in der Regel zwei bis vier Jahrzehnte. Da die Zuverlässigkeit der Risikoabschätzung mit der Dauer der Strahlenbelastung zunimmt, ist die vorliegende Studie allen bisherigen an Aussagekraft überlegen.''

Jörn Gutbier, Vorsitzender von Diagnose-Funk, spricht, besonders im Hinblick auf das Weihnachtsgeschäft, von einem alarmierenden Ergebnis, denn WLAN- strahlende Spiele, SmartPhones und Tablets sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen der Renner. ''Diese alarmierenden Ergebnisse eines renommierten Epidemiologen erfordern eine sofortige Aufklärung von Eltern, Erziehern, Kinder und Jugendlichen. Es ist kein Zufall, dass angesichts solcher Forschungsergebnisse, einer der weltweit größten Rückversicherer, die Swiss Re, aktuell den Mobilfunk in die höchste Risikostufe eingruppierte'', so Gutbier weiter. Die Studie zeige aber auch, wie abhängig inzwischen die Forschung von Industrieinteressen ist. Der schwedischen Studiengruppe um Prof. Hardell wurden für weitere epidemiologischen Studien zum Krebspotential der nichtionisierenden Strahlung der mobilen Kommunikation keine staatlichen Gelder mehr zur Verfügung gestellt. Deshalb haben die Pandora-Stiftung, Diagnose-Funk (Deutschland und Schweiz), Kompetenzinitiative e.V., und Gigaherz (Schweiz) eine Spendensammlung initiiert. Die gesammelten Gelder machten die nun publizierten Auswertungen und Studien möglich.

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