Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Impairs the Development of Honeybee

Source: www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2420
Animals 2022, 12(18), 2420; doi.org/10.3390/ani12182420
Received: 17 August 2022 / Revised: 7 September 2022 / Accepted: 7 September 2022 / Published: 14 September 2022

by Yingjiao Li 1,Chaoxia Sun 1,He Zhou 1,Hongji Huang 1,Yijie Chen 2,Xinle Duan 1,3,Shaokang Huang 1,3ORCID andJianghong Li 1,3,*
1. College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Abstract
Increasing ELF-EMF pollution in the surrounding environment could impair the cognition and learning ability of honeybees, posing a threat to the honeybee population and its pollination ability. In a social honeybee colony, the numbers of adult bees rely on the successful large-scale rearing of larvae and continuous eclosion of new adult bees. However, no studies exist on the influence of ELF-EMFs on honeybee larvae. Therefore, we investigated the survival rate, body weight, and developmental duration of first instar larvae continuously subjected to ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the transcriptome of fifth instar larvae were sequenced for analyzing the difference in expressed genes. The results showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreases the survival rate and body weight of both white-eye pupae and newly emerged adults, extends the duration of development time and seriously interferes with the process of metamorphosis and pupation. The transcriptome sequencing showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreases the nutrient and energy metabolism and impedes the degradation of larvae tissues and rebuilding of pupae tissues in the metamorphosis process. The results provide an experimental basis and a new perspective for the protection of honeybee populations from ELF-EMF pollution.

Keywords: ELF-EMF; influence; Apis cerana; larvae; development; transcriptome

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