Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of EHS. A Scientific Consensus International Report

The Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging
in the Study of Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus
International Report
www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7321/pdf (download link)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021
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Dominique Belpomme, George L. Carlo, Philippe Irigaray, David O. Carpenter, Lennart Hardell, Michael Kundi, Igor Belyaev, Magda Havas, Franz Adlkofer, Gunnar Heuser, Anthony B. Miller, Daniela Caccamo, Chiara De Luca, Lebrecht von Klitzing , Martin L. Pall, Priyanka Bandara, Yael Stein, Cindy Sage, Morando Soffritti, Devra Davis, Joel M. Moskowitz, S. M. J. Mortazavi, Martha R. Herbert, Hanns Moshammer, Gerard Ledoigt, Robert Turner, Anthony Tweedale, Pilar Muñoz-Calero, Iris Udasin, Tarmo Koppel, Ernesto Burgio and André Vander Vorst

Abstract: Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing diseases via clinical
observations and biological and radiological findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such diagnostic criteria may
lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to serious confounding biases and erroneous medical
interpretations. This is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more particularly
for the so-called “provocation tests”, which do not investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather
the EHS-associated particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to man-made
electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests depend on multiple EMF-associated
physical and biological parameters and have been conducted in patients without having first defined
EHS objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies. Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not
preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS patients. Moreover, there is no proof
that EHS symptoms or EHS itself are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international
consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct neuropathological disorder
and for its inclusion in the WHO International Classification of Diseases.

Keywords: electrohypersensitivity; provocation test; electromagnetic field; radiofrequency; extremely low
frequency; diagnostic criteria; biomarkers; pathophysiological mechanism; imaging techniques



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