LED: Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources

Bron: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306452216305243?via%3Dihub&fbclid=IwAR2fhafajbPr4haT-guhnOma9F40BlqwCVtV_JisbsNKvUpbuWZU-nSduaY#f0060 .
Neuroscience
Volume 339, 17 December 2016, Pages 296-307

Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources, protocols and rat strains reveals LED phototoxicity

A.Krigel, M.Berdugo, E.Picard, R.Levy-Boukris, I.Jaadane, L.Jonet, M.Dernigoghossian, C.Andrieu-Soler, A.Torriglia, F.Behar-Cohen

INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Accepted 3 October 2016, Available online 14 October 2016.

doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.015

Highlights
• White LEDs induce stronger retinal degeneration than fluorocompact lamps.
• Pigmentation induces very little protection in LED-exposed rats at high luminance.
• Exposure to LED induces breakdown of the external blood-retinal barrier.

Abstract
To save energy, the European directives from the Eco-design of Energy Using Products (2005/32/CE) have recommended the replacement of incandescent lamps by more economic devices such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). However, the emission spectrum of these devices is enriched in blue radiations, known to be potentially dangerous to the retina. Recent studies showed that light exposure contributes to the onset of early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we investigate, in albinos and pigmented rats, the effects of different exposure protocols. Twenty-four hours exposure at high luminance was compared to a cyclic (dark/light) exposure at domestic levels for 1 week and 1 month, using different LEDs (Cold-white, blue and green), as well as fluorocompact bulbs and fluorescent tubes. The data suggest that the blue component of the white-LED may cause retinal toxicity at occupational domestic illuminance and not only in extreme experimental conditions, as previously reported. It is important to note that the current regulations and standards have been established on the basis of acute light exposure and do not take into account the effects of repeated exposure.

Abbreviations
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BRB, blood retinal barrier; CCFL, Cold Cathode fluorescent lamps; CFL, fluorocompact lamp; ERG, electroretinogram; LE, Long Evans; LED, Light Emitting Diode; ONL, outer nuclear layer; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PNA, peanut agglutinin; W, Wistar

Key words
retina, Light Emitting Diodes, phototoxicity, pigmented rats, chronic light exposure



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