USA: Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation 1975

Bron: electroplague.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/dia-report-1976.pdf .
maart 1975
Defence Intelligence Agency

Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation
(radiowaves and microwaves)
Eurasian Communist Countries (U)

Prepaired by U.S. Army
Medical Inteligence and Information Agency
Office of the Surgeon General

Een zeer interessant rapport, waarin ingegaan wordt op de verschillen tussen de USA waar toen al alleen thermische effecten erkend werden en de Oostbloklanden met veel strictere normen waar ook niet-thermische biologische effecten erkend werden (hetgeen nog steeds het geval is). Een stukje tekst uit het rapport:

If the more advanced nations of the West are strict in the enforcement of stringent exposure standards, there could be unfavorable effects on industrial output and military functions.

Nog een paar stukjes tekst:
Animal experiments reported in the open literature have demonstrated the use of low-level microwave signals to produce death by heart seizure or by neurological pathologies resulting from breaching of the blood-brain barrier.

Soviet and East European scientists believe that biological side-effects occur at power densities that are too low to produce obvious thermal effects.


zie voor een soortgelijk eerder rapport:
Artikelen/7850/usa_oude_bibliografie_van_naval_medical_research_institute? .
1971 / 1972

en zie ook:
electroplague.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/rf-microwave-radiation-biological-effects-rome-labs.pdf .
juli 1994

Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation Biological Effects and Safety Standards: A Review

Scott M. Bolen.
Rome Laboratory. Air Force Material Command. Griffiss Air Force Base, NY. June, 1988.

het commentaar op www.facebook.com/SaferEMR . :

This review demonstrates that the U.S. Air Force understood the risks of exposure to non-thermal levels of microwave radiation in 1988. Yet in 1996, the FCC adopted regulatory standards created by industry and the military that failed to protect the public from these non-thermal risks. Eighteen years later the same inadequate standards persist. These standards not only fail to protect users from non-thermal exposure to microwave radiation, they do not protect users from the greater risks observed in this 1988 US Air Force review of the science from exposure to the pulsed signals later utilized by cell phone and Wi-Fi technologies.

Meanwhile In the past few decades, almost every society on the planet has become dependent upon microwave radiation for communication. It's no wonder that the experts who studied the effects of microwave radiation for decades and witnessed the gross negligence and malfeasance exhibited by governments to address the health and safety risks of microwave technologies, are pessimistic that we will ever control this environmental toxin.

Abstract

The study of human exposure to radiofrequency/microwave radiation has been the subject of widespread investigation and analysis. It is known that electromagnetic radiation has a biological effect on human tissue. An attempt has been made by researchers to quantify the effects of radiation on the human body and to set guidelines for safe exposure levels. A review of the pertinent findings is presented along with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recommended safety standard (C95.1-1982) and the United States Air Force permissible exposure limit for RF/MW radiation (AFOSH Standard 161-9, 12 February 1987). An overview of research that was conducted in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe is also included in this report.

Excerpts

In selecting a measure for the dose of RF/MW radiation, it was recognized that the SAR does not encompass all of the important factors necessary to determine safe exposure levels. The modulation frequency and peak power of the incident EM field should also be considered. Some of the investigators warned that extra care should be taken by persons that are subjected to pulsed EM fields or by fields that are modulated near the whole-body reWonance frequency 9 (p. 17)

Soviet Union & Eastern European Standards

The RF/MW radiation exposure standards prescribed in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are more cosmervative than standards adopted by countries in the West 31, 8, 11. In the Soviet Union, permissible exposure levels for whole-body irradiation are specified for various time intervals. RF/MW radiation exposures may not exceed 0.01 mW/cm2 for 3 hours/day, 0.1 mW/cm2 for 2 hours/day, and 1.0 mW/cm2 for 15-20 minutes provided that safety goggles be worn 3. Czechoslovakia has recommended a maximum exposure level of 0.025 mW/cm2 for an average working day 8.

Investigators in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have placed a great emphasis on the nonthermal effects of biological exposure to RF/MW radiation. They contend that electromagnetic interactions with the bioelectrical and biochemical functions of the body constitute a more serious health risk than effects from thermal heating. Nonthermal disruptions have been observed to occur at power density levels that are much lower than are necessary to induce thermal effects. Soviet researchers have attributed alterations in the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system to the nonthermal effect of low level RF/MW radiation exposure 3, 8.

The U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare 3 reports that the differing standards put forth by the East and West may be attributed to philosophical differences in basic research. Soviet investigators were intent on examining the effect of RF/MW radiation on the conditioned reflex response of living organisms whereas their counterparts in the West do not view this effect as an appropriate endpoint to research 3. Recently, however, researchers in the West have sought to account for nonthermal effects in modern permissible RF/MW radiation exposure standards 9.

Conclusion

Exposure to RF/MW radiation is known to have a biological effect on living organisms. Research conducted over the past 30 years has provided a basis for understanding the effect of irradiation of biological materials. Experimental evidence has shown that exposure to low intensity radiation can have a profound effect on biological processes. The nonthermal effects of RF/MW radiation exposure are becoming important measures of biological interaction with EM fields. Modem RF/MW radiation protection guides have sought to account for the effects of low level radiation exposure. Adherence to the ANSI Standard 9 should provide protection against harmful thermal effects and help to minimize the interaction of EM fields with the biological processes of the human body 9. It is essentially the absorption of RF/MW energy that causes stress and trauma to biolgical systems. The greatest amount of energy will be absorbed when the incident radiation is emitted at the resonance frequency of biological material 9, 22. In this regard, RF/MW radiation emitted at nonresonant frequencies should be absorbed to the greatest extent when the radiating mode is a pulsed signal. The generation of such signals creates transient responses that will match the resonant frequencies of biological materials.

Nonresonant pulsed RF/MW radiation may be more harmful to living organisms than CW (continuous wave) radiation emitted at nonresonant frequencies.

en verder:
Biological Effects of Microwaves and Radio Frequency Radiation
www.scribd.com/doc/278888178/Biological-Effects-of-Microwaves-and-Radio-Frequency-Radiation
1972



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